This article explores ten psychological theories behind why people commit crimes. These theories include psychodynamic theory, cognitive theory, social learning theory, biological theory, rational choice theory, strain theory, labeling theory, social disorganization theory, anomie theory, and control theory. Each of these theories offers a unique perspective on the internal and external factors that can contribute to criminal behavior. By understanding these theories, professionals in the criminal justice system and mental health fields can develop more effective strategies to prevent and address criminal behavior. It is important to recognize that these theories are not mutually exclusive, and multiple factors can contribute to an individual’s decision to commit a crime.
10 Psychological Theories Behind Why People Commit Crimes
There are numerous theories that attempt to explain why individuals commit crimes. Some theories consider environmental factors such as poverty and lack of education, while others focus on internal factors such as mental illness and personality disorders. Here are ten psychological theories that help explain why people commit crimes.
1. Psychodynamic Theory
According to this theory, individuals may commit crimes when they are overwhelmed by unconscious feelings and emotions. The theory suggests that past experiences and early childhood experiences shape the personality and behavior of individuals. Therefore, if a person goes through a traumatic experience in their childhood, it may result in criminal behavior during their adulthood.
2. Cognitive Theory
Cognitive theory suggests that people commit crimes when they have thinking errors or cognitive distortions. These thinking errors involve faulty beliefs or perceptions that can drive a person to commit a crime. For instance, an individual might believe that stealing is the only way to get what they want, leading them to commit theft.
3. Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory suggests that individuals learn from the behaviors, attitudes, and values of the people around them. If a person grows up in an environment where crime is normalized or accepted, they may be more likely to commit crimes themselves. This theory points to the influence of peers and role models in shaping behavior.
4. Biological Theory
This theory suggests that genetics and biology can play a role in criminal behavior. The theory proposes that some individuals may inherit traits that predispose them to engage in criminal behavior, such as impulsivity or aggression.
5. Rational Choice Theory
Rational choice theory suggests that individuals make a conscious decision to commit a crime based on the perceived benefits versus the risks involved. For example, an individual may choose to engage in drug trafficking because they believe the financial rewards outweigh the risk of getting caught.
6. Strain Theory
Strain theory suggests that people commit crimes when they experience strain or stress due to a lack of access to resources or opportunities. For example, if an individual cannot find a job to support themselves, they may turn to illegal activities to make a living.
7. Labeling Theory
Labeling theory suggests that an individual’s self-concept and behavior are influenced by the labels or stereotypes placed on them by society. If a person is labeled as a criminal, they may internalize the label and engage in further criminal activity as a result.
8. Social Disorganization Theory
Social disorganization theory suggests that crime is more likely to occur in areas with high levels of poverty and social disruption. These areas often lack the resources and support systems that can provide individuals with opportunities and help prevent crimes.
9. Anomie Theory
Anomie theory suggests that individuals may commit crimes when they feel disconnected or unsupported by society. This disconnect can lead to feelings of hopelessness and a lack of purpose, making criminal activities seem like a viable option.
10. Control Theory
Control theory suggests that individuals who lack attachment to societal institutions such as family and community are more likely to engage in criminal behavior. This theory proposes that strong bonds with conventional societal institutions act as a deterrent to criminal behavior.
Conclusion
In conclusion, there is no single theory that can fully explain why people commit crimes. Rather, multiple factors, including genetic, social, and environmental influences, can come together to lead an individual to commit criminal acts. Understanding these various theories can help law enforcement officials, policymakers, and mental health professionals develop strategies to prevent and address criminal behavior in society.